Clinical–radiomics model for predicting internal mammary lymph node metastasis in operable breast cancer patients

Although the clinical model was effective in predicting IMN status, the addition of DCE<b>-</b>MRI radiomics significantly improved the predictive value of the clinical-radiomics model, which showed excellent discrimination, calibration, and stability. This suggests that the clinic-radiomics model has potential for preoperative assessment of IMN metastasis risk in breast cancer patients, but external validation is needed to confirm its clinical utility. IMN irradiation is recommended for early patients with high IMN metastasis risk, and overtreatment should be avoided for patients with low metastasis risk.