Analysis of Complications in Preterm Infants with Twin and Singleton of Different Gestational Ages

This study aimed to compare the complications of preterm twins versus singletons and analyze differences across gestational ages. Preterm twins delivered between 2 March 2022 and 6 November 2022 were compared to an age-matched control group of singletons, involving 65 twins and 103 singletons. The most common complication in premature infants was neonatal jaundice (87.72%), followed by patent foramen ovale (79.76%) and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) (57.14%). Twins had significantly higher Apgar scores at 1, 5, and 10 minutes compared to singletons. However, twins showed a higher incidence of ventricular septal defect (VSD) (7.69%) than singletons, with a statistically significant difference. In contrast, twins exhibited significantly lower rates of neonatal jaundice (78.46%), electrolyte imbalance (18.4%), and acid-base imbalance (9.23%) compared to singletons. Furthermore, as gestational age increased, the incidence of intrauterine infection, electrolyte and acid-base imbalances, neonatal coagulation disorders, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), anemia, and NRDS in preterm infants gradually decreased, with all differences reaching statistical significance (P < 0.05). These findings highlight the importance of close monitoring and timely management of complications in premature infants to prevent severe outcomes.