Prevalence of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in Children Attending Pediatric Clinic among Selected Hospitals in Abakaliki

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is prevalent worldwide and common in malaria-endemic regions, affecting over 400 million people globally. G6PD deficiency compromises erythrocyte protection against oxidative stress, potentially leading to haemolysis. This study evaluated the prevalence of G6PD deficiency among children attending paediatric clinics in selected hospitals in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. This cross-sectional study sampled 100 subjects aged less than one year to 13 years with equal gender representation. Venepuncture and standard laboratory practices were employed for blood sample collection from consented children falling within the specified age range. Brewer methaemoglobin reduction method and thin blood film analysis were conducted for investigation. Statistical analysis, were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Science version 26 to compare G6PD activities across age groups and genders. Results indicated varying deficiency rates across age groups, with the highest prevalence observed in the 2-4-year-old group (9%). Males exhibited a higher deficiency rate (12%) compared to females (7%), culminating in a 19% overall prevalence among paediatric clinic attendees. While significant differences in G6PD activity were found between males and females (p = 0.00), no significance was noted across age groups (p=0.29). The study emphasises the importance of G6PD screening in children given the relatively high prevalence observed in Abakaliki.