Recurrent sialoblastoma of the parotid and submandibular glands: A case report and review

Introduction: Sialoblastoma is a rare malignant embryonal tumor derived from primitive cells of the salivary glands. It occurs predominantly in the parotid gland and in the neonatal period. In this study, we present a case of sialoblastoma affecting the submandibular and parotid glands and review the literature on the subject. Case Report: A 19-day-old newborn was presented with a history of a rapidly growing cervical mass since birth. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed a tumor in the left parotid and submandibular glands. He underwent tumor excision at 29 days of age. He had two post-operative recurrences, at 12 and 16 weeks of age. The diagnosis was made by histopathological examination. The tumor involved the facial nerve, and complete resection of the nerve only stopped recurrences after neural excision. The patient has remained relapse free for 18 years but has facial paralysis. Conclusion: Sialoblastoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of childhood facial tumors. Despite early diagnosis and extensive resection, there is a propensity for aggressive local recurrences. Neural invasion, capsular rupture, and Ki-67 positivity in immunohistochemical tests are factors that may be decisive in tumor recurrence.