Alkaloids from the genus Vinca L. (Apocynaceae): a comprehensive biological and structural review

Abstract This review provides a comprehensive overview of the alkaloids in the genus Vinca L. (Apocynaceae), which is renowned for its rich content of monoterpene indole alkaloids and widespread occurrence in Europe, northwest Africa, and southwest Asia. By consolidating extensive phytochemical and pharmacological research in five phytochemically investigated species within the genus Vinca L., it highlights 202 identified alkaloids—categorized into 20 structural groups—and emphasizes their structural diversity and biological activities. These alkaloids, including notable compounds such as vincamine and reserpine, exhibit a range of biological activities, including antitumor, anti-Alzheimer, antibacterial, and antihypertensive effects. The review also explores biosynthetic pathways, key structural classes (aspidosperma, corynanthe, iboga, yohimbe, strychnos), and the structural and biological complexities surrounding these alkaloids. Additionally, it provides a botanical perspective on Vinca species, underscoring both their historical and current medicinal uses. Overall, the genus Vinca emerges as a valuable source of bioactive compounds, with significant potential for future pharmacognostic and drug development research, particularly in oncology and neurodegenerative diseases. Graphical Abstract