Evolution and Research Progress of Mesh Fixation Methods in Abdominal Wall Hernias

Abdominal wall hernia refers to a condition where there is a defect or weakness in the abdominal wall tissue, allowing abdominal organs or tissues to protrude through this defect or weakness and form a lump on the body surface. Surgical treatment is currently the most effective method for treating abdominal wall hernias, and mesh fixation hernia repair, as an important surgical approach, has rapidly developed and been widely used in the past 30 years. Early methods mainly relied on ligation. However, with continuous advancements in materials science and surgical techniques, and the invention of new materials and surgical instruments, various types of mesh-based methods have emerged, greatly enriching the clinical treatment options for hernia diseases and achieving good results. This article reviews the progress of mesh fixation methods over the past 20 years, provides a detailed introduction to various existing hernia repair techniques, compares their scope of application based on their respective advantages and disadvantages, and points out their respective strengths, weaknesses, and suitable patient populations. The aim is to promote further research on these surgical methods, provide more options for hernia surgeons, and bring more benefits to patients.