Enhancing Substation Earthing System: A Finite Element Method For Minimizing Ground Resistance and Analyzing Electric Potential and Temperature Distribution

Substation earthing systems are vital for the safety and functionality of power systems, significantly influencing their reliability. This paper provides an extensive numerical analysis of substation earthing systems through the application of the finite element method (FEM). The major objectives are to reduce grounding resistance and to investigate the electric potential distribution and temperature changes within the earthing mat. This research thoroughly examines essential factors such as earthing mat dimensions, material conductivity, and soil resistivity. Utilizing visualizations like contour plots, equipotential lines, current density vectors, and temperature distribution graphs, this research enhances the understanding of earthing system behavior. The optimized design allows for rapid and efficient determination of ground resistance, thereby improving safety and operational performance in substation design.