Research and application of heat loss calculation and analysis method in the design process of conductivity sensors for high-voltage direct current converter valves

Conductivity is a fundamental property of electrolyte solutions and plays a key role in many applications. Measuring water conductivity with conductivity sensors facilitates the assessment of the solubility of trace salts. This process sheds light on the dynamics of ion interactions and is critical in identifying minute levels of impurities or contamination by undesirable substances in wateIn transformer-type inductive conductivity sensors, losses are typically manifested as thermal energy, resulting in a temperature increase that has a deleterious effect on the sensor’s conductivity measurements. This paper presents an analytical solution for the losses in transformer-type inductive conductivity sensors. This is achieved by analyzing their extended equivalent circuit and incorporating an improved Steinmetz formula. The losses in transformer-type inductive conductivity sensors made of various ferromagnetic materials were calculated, and the loss data were compared with results obtained from finite element method (FEM) simulations. The findings indicate a maximum deviation of $4.53 \%$ between the analytical and simulation methods, thereby affirming the accuracy and reliability of the proposed loss calculation method. It can be applied to the optimized design of conductivity sensors in the cooling system of HVDC, demonstrating significant potential for application.