Optimisation of Bandwidth Allocation in Backscatter Communication Based on Stackelberg Game and Dual Pricing

The combination of cognitive radio and backscatter communication can effectively improve spectrum utilization. However, the coexistence of multiple backscatter devices in this network introduces competition among secondary users (SUs) in licensed bands due to spectrum sharing, which cannot be ignored. This paper examines the Stackelberg game to facilitate mutually beneficial transmissions between primary users (PUs) and SUs in an interweave cognitive backscatter network, proposing a dual-bandwidth pricing mechanism. Multiple SUs are assigned to distinct non-overlapping sub-channels, utilizing frequency division multiple access for spectrum sharing. In each sub-channel, each SU pays a bandwidth fee to the PU proportionate to the allocated bandwidth, reflecting the cost of bandwidth sharing. An optimization algorithm for resource allocation based on Stackelberg game theory is developed to maximize PU's band-width revenue while optimizing SU's throughput utility function, considering both PU's total bandwidth constraints and SU's individual bandwidth constraints. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed pricing mechanism effectively increases PU's revenue and improves SU's throughput performance and utility.