Design of Multipath Evacuation Method Based on Network Flow Model and Ripple Spreading Algorithm

To solve the multipath planning with capacity-constrained problems (MPCCP), this paper proposes a solution based on the network flow model, utilizing the network flow-ripple spreading algorithm (NFRSA). Considering the dynamic nature of evacuated pedestrian flow during evacuation,-we have improved the ripple spreading algorithm by integrating it with the network flow model. The condition to generate a new ripple at the origin node is based on whether there are remaining pedestrians. The number of pedestrians assigned to the ripple is constrained by the link capacity transit operator. Then the arrival time of each pedestrian at nodes and the link capacity table for each time window are updated. NFRSA continues until there are no more pedestrians at the origin nodes. Finally, through experiments, we validated that NFRSA improves computational efficiency and ensures consistency of solutions compared to other algorithms. This establishes NFRSA as an effective solution for pedestrian evacuation in large-scale road networks.