Carrier Phase Localization with Single Antenna: A Virtual Array Approach

With the release of 3GPP Release 18, Carrier Phase Positioning (CPP) has emerged as a pivotal technology in 5G positioning. However, the current CPP algorithms typically require the coordination of multiple base stations or antennas for effective localization, which limits their applicability in scenarios where only single-antenna devices are available. To adress this problem, we integrate carrier phase positioning with virtual array technology to propose a novel method that enables accurate localization using single-antenna terminals. Unlike traditional multi-antenna localization approaches, our method eliminates the need for time synchronization and spatial resolution, offering greater flexibility and adaptability across various scenarios. Additionally, we conducted real-world experiments using software-defined radio equipment, and the results confirmed the algorithm's feasibility.