Primary Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome With Multiple Infarcts in the Kidney, Liver, and Spleen in a Healthy Young Man: A Case Report

Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) is the most aggressive and severe form of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Due to its rarity and highly variable clinical presentation, diagnosing CAPS is extremely challenging, often leading to delayed treatment initiation and a high rate of mortality and morbidity. In this paper, we report the case of a 39-year-old male patient with no prior diagnosis of APS who initially presented with deep vein thrombosis in the left leg. The condition rapidly progressed to multiple thromboses in the lungs, liver, spleen, and left kidney. The diagnosis of CAPS was confirmed by the presence of lupus anticoagulant, and treatment was initiated 48 hours after symptom onset with high doses of steroids and anticoagulants. However, the patient developed multiple organ failure and died 72 hours after admission. This paper aims to highlight the rapid progression of CAPS, its fatal complications, and the critical importance of initiating treatment as quickly as possible, even before confirmation through laboratory or histopathological studies.