An Estimation Model of Emissions from Burning Areas Based on the Tier Method

The emissions of particulates from burning agricultural fields threaten the environment and human health, contributing to air pollution and increasing the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. An analysis of total suspended particulate (TSP), PM2.5, and PM10 emissions from crop residue burning is presented in this study. A primary goal is to improve emission estimation accuracy by integrating satellite imagery from modes of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers (MODIS) and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometers (VIIRS) with traditional data. Particulate emissions were estimated using Tier 1 and Tier 2 methodologies outlined in the EEA/EMEP Emission Inventory Guidebook based on thermal anomaly data from satellite observations. According to the findings, burning wheat, maize, barley, and rice residue accounts for most emissions, with significant variations identified in India, China, and the United States. The variations highlight the need for a location-specific approach to emission management. Particulate emissions cause adverse environmental and health impacts, which can be minimized by targeting mitigation strategies at key emission hotspots. The research provides important insights to inform policymakers and support developing strategies to reduce fine particulate agricultural emissions.