The Role of Objective Assessment of the Mitral Annulus

The mitral annulus is a complex and dynamic structure responsive to both structural and functional changes involving the mitral valve, as well as those affecting the geometry of the left ventricle (LV) and left atrium (LA). Its bean-shaped or “D”-shaped three-dimensional structure is similar to a horse’s saddle, in which the nadir (height) varies throughout the cardiac cycle. The malleability of the mitral annulus is important for valve competence. The posterior portion of the annulus, which is less fibrotic, moves [...]