Optimization of delignification and mercerization processes for high-purity cellulose extraction from Semantan bamboo (Gigantochloa scortechinii) using Response Surface Modelling

Bamboo (Gigantochloa scortechinii) is increasingly recognized as an abundant, eco-friendly resource with immense potential in sustainable material development. Central to its utilization is the extraction of high-purity cellulose, a material prized for its exceptional strength, light weight, and biodegradability. This cellulose has broad applications in the production of nanocellulose, paper, adsorbents, textiles, and more. However, optimizing the delignification and mercerization processes for maximum cellulose yield and quality remains a challenge. This study aimed to optimize the delignification and mercerization processes to extract high-quality cellulose from bamboo fiber using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The key parameters—sodium chlorite (NaClO₂) concentration (12–20 % w/w), temperature (60–80 °C), and reaction time (3–5 h)—were systematically varied to maximize cellulose yield and quality. The optimal conditions were found to be 16 % NaClO₂, 70 °C, and a 4-hour treatment, yielding 45.9 % cellulose. Structural analysis revealed an increase in crystallinity from 57.87 % in untreated fibers to 64.29 % in treated fibers, confirming the effectiveness of the optimized processes. These findings demonstrate the potential of Semantan bamboo for industrial applications, where high-purity cellulose is required.