Bubble Structure in Isotopes of Lu to Hg

Bubble nuclei, characterized by a depletion in nucleon density at the nuclear center, are investigated within the atomic number range 71≤Z≤80 using the Deformed Relativistic Hartree–Bogoliubov theory in continuum. This study extends previous investigations, which were limited to even–even isotopes, by incorporating even–odd, odd–even, and odd–odd nuclei within this range. The extension is achieved by introducing the blocking effect into the point-coupling approach to ensure self-consistency. Following previous studies, we define a nucleus as a bubble candidate if the bubble parameter exceeds Bp★=20%, and identify five bubble nuclei in both even-Z and odd-Z nuclei groups, based on the highest Bp★ values. The formation of bubble structures is confirmed through an analysis of proton single-particle energy levels of the most centrally depleted nuclei across four categories: even–odd, even–even, odd–even, and odd–odd.