An Overview on Economic Analysis of Internet of Everything

The Internet of Everything (IoE) integrates people, processes, data, and things into a unified network, enabling highly interconnected systems with enhanced performance in terms of delay, reliability, and connection density. With the advent of next-generation networks, IoE has garnered significant attention for its transformative potential across various domains. However, while most existing studies focus on developing enabling technologies and deployment frameworks, the economic dimensions of IoE systems remain critically underexplored, despite being essential for ensuring their sustainability and scalability. This paper addresses this gap by providing a comprehensive review of the economic analysis of IoE systems. Specifically, we categorize existing research into four key aspects: information collection, information transmission, information fusion, and service application. We identify major economic challenges and propose modeling approaches, including game-theoretic and learning-based methods. Furthermore, we explore diverse IoE application scenarios, such as metaverse solutions and large-scale industrial systems, and summarize prevailing business patterns in the industry. By highlighting the economic dimension as a core component of IoE systems, this survey offers valuable insights into future research directions and outlines critical open challenges.