Characterization and applications of Croton bonplandianus fiber for sustainable biomaterials

• Novel fiber extracted from Croton bonplandianus stems as a sustainable biomaterial. • Strong antibacterial activity: 87.5 % and 82.14 % reduction in Streptococci . • Tensile strength of 14.92 MPa and 2.1 % elongation at break for lightweight applications. • UV exposure reduced tensile strength by 22 % after 100 h, needing UV stabilization. • Potential applications: medical textiles, biocomposites, and eco-friendly materials. This study investigates the properties and potential applications of a novel fiber extracted from the stem of Croton bonplandianus (CB), evaluating its feasibility for sustainable biomaterials. The fiber was systematically characterized for its chemical, mechanical, and morphological attributes to determine its suitability for eco-friendly composites and textiles. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, indicating its structural stability and compatibility with composite materials. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray analyses revealed a textured surface with micro-gaps and protrusions, enhancing interfacial adhesion in composite applications. Mechanical testing demonstrated a tensile strength of 14.92 MPa and an elongation at break of 2.1 %, suggesting its potential for lightweight yet durable materials. Furthermore, antibacterial assays showed significant inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli and Streptococcus species , underscoring its potential for medical textile applications.