Study the alternative immunological parameters of immune cells (sCD14 and sCD163) in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B and C without treatment

Soluble Cluster of Differentiation 14 (sCD14) and soluble Cluster of Differentiation 163 (sCD163) are the circulating forms of the cell surface receptors CD14 and CD163 expressed on the surface of monocytes and macrophages. When these cells become activated, the extracellular domains of the CD14 and CD163 receptors are shed or cleaved from the cell surface, releasing the soluble forms in the circulation, which are considered valuable biomarkers for evaluating inflammatory conditions. The sCD14 and sCD163 were both done using the ELISA technique, which showed a significant difference between the patient and control groups. Where these parameters increased in the patient groups compared to the control group, sCD14(ng/ml) was in the HBV group (44.2±7.9), the HCV group (46.8±8.9), and the healthy group (35.1 ± 6.5), while sCD163(ng/ml) was in the HBV group (106.8±9.4), the HCV group (104.3±3.3), and the healthy group (93.01±5.9). The P value was < 0.000 for both parameters. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis shows that it can distinguish patients from controls. It was performed by using the serum levels of each sCD14 and sCD163 in patients with HBV and HCV and a healthy control group according to the presence of the disease. The diagnostic performance of these soluble biomarkers was evaluated in the two patient groups (HBV and HCV) by using ROC analysis, and sCD163 showed a higher diagnostic performance compared to sCD14, where was the area under the curve in the HBV group 0.96 vs. 0.83 while in HCV group 0.97 vs. 0.86 respectively, with statistically significant differences (P = 0.000). In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that sCD163 is a more useful and reliable biomarker for predicting and differentiating HBV and HCV infection compared to sCD14, and sCD163 could be a valuable non-invasive tool for the clinical management of viral hepatitis. infection compared to sCD14, and sCD163 could be a valuable non-invasive tool for the clinical management of viral hepatitis.