Prevalence of Dyslipidemia at Onset and During Follow-Up in Pediatric Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Objectives: This study assessed the prevalence of dyslipidemia in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) at diagnosis and after one year, examining the effects of glycemic control on lipid levels. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 56 T1DM patients (30 males, 26 females) aged 10-18 years. These patients were monitored every three months for at least one year. Data on lipid profiles and glycemic control were collected at baseline and after one year. Results: Dyslipidemia prevalence significantly decreased from 60.7% at baseline to 26.8% after one year (p < 0.001). At follow-up, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly lower compared to baseline (7.95 ± 1.73% vs. 13.45 ± 2.45%, 84.07 ± 27.55 mg/dl vs. 94.84 ± 27.87 mg/dl, and 78.75 ± 29.93 mg/dl vs. 105.98 ± 58.95 mg/dl, respectively) (p < 0.001, p = 0.007, p = 0.001). Total cholesterol (TC) also decreased, though the difference was near significance (151.20 ± 25.55 mg/dl vs. 159.79 ± 29.78 mg/dl, p = 0.05). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels increased significantly (55.60 ± 11.10 mg/dl vs. 49.63 ± 13.46 mg/dl, p < 0.001). Females had higher HDL levels than males (60.08 ± 12.37 mg/dl vs. 51.71 ± 8.24 mg/dl, p = 0.004). HbA1c levels showed a positive correlation with TC, LDL, and TG, and a negative correlation with HDL. Conclusion: This study highlights a significant reduction in dyslipidemia in pediatric T1DM patients after one year, linked to improved glycemic control. Effective HbA1c management is crucial for better lipid profiles and reduced cardiovascular risk.