Myxoid leiomyosarcoma of the uterus in a woman of childbearing age: A case report

Myxoid leiomyosarcoma of the uterus (MLMS) is an extremely rare malignancy characterized by a poor prognosis. The present report describes a rare case of MLMS in a woman of childbearing age. The patient was a 33-year-old woman who presented with lower abdominal pain and was initially diagnosed with uterine myoma by preoperative B-mode ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. However, intraoperative pathological biopsy indicated the presence of a malignant tumor. The patient underwent total uterine and bilateral salpingectomy, along with pelvic lymph node biopsy, which confirmed the diagnosis of MLMS postoperatively. In a subsequent surgical procedure, the bilateral ovaries, omentum and appendix were also resected. The patient then received chemotherapy with gemcitabine and docetaxel and remains in good health, with no signs of recurrence. The present case report underscores the importance of early diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies for MLMS, particularly regarding their implications for fertility and survival outcomes in young women.