Intelligent extraction methods of vegetation information from remote sensing images: progress, challenges, and trends

Vegetation plays a key role in the ecological function of Earth's ecosystem. The extraction of remote sensing information on vegetation is crucial for analyzing the vegetation status, providing timely, accurate, and large-scale data on vegetation distribution and changes. This supports scientific decision-making and sustainable development. With the continuous development of remote sensing, artificial intelligence, big data, and other technologies, as well as the expansion of application fields, the remote sensing information extraction system is constantly developing and evolving. In the present study, we systematically review the vegetation extraction methods based on remote sensing images in the past decade, discussing the main challenges, problems, and future research trends. The classification and extraction of vegetation information from remote sensing data will aid to achieve higher level of automation and intelligent development.