Efficiency Measurement and Trend Analysis of the Hydrogen Energy Industry Chain in China

Hydrogen energy, characterized by its abundant resources, green and low-carbon attributes, and wide-ranging applications, is a critical energy source for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. The operational efficiency of the hydrogen energy industrial chain is pivotal in determining the security of its supply chain and its contribution to China’s energy transition. This study investigates the efficiency of China’s hydrogen energy industrial chain by selecting 30 listed companies primarily engaged in hydrogen energy as the research sample. A three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model is applied to assess the industry’s comprehensive technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency. Additionally, kernel density estimation is utilized to analyze efficiency trends over time. Key factors influencing efficiency are identified, and targeted recommendations are provided to enhance the performance and sustainability of the hydrogen energy industrial chain. These findings offer valuable insights to support the development and resilience of China’s hydrogen energy industry.