STUDY OF NEW GENETIC SOURCES OF HIGH GRAIN PROTEIN CONTENT FROM AEGILOPS TAUSCHII AND TRITICUM DICOCCOIDES

Introduction. One of the most important requirements for a modern producer is to obtain high gross yields of wheat grain with high quality indicators, in the realisation of which protein plays a leading role. Although the world has long known samples of soft winter wheat with a high protein content (2-3%), they do not always show their advantages when sown under different environmental or agronomic conditions. A promising way to solve this problem is to cross distant species with high-yielding varieties, which can significantly increase the protein content of the resulting lines. One of these ways to improve biochemical parameters is introgression of the Gpc-B1 gene from T. dicoccoides. Objective. Firstly, to evaluate the productivity and quality indicators of introgressive lines with high protein sources with the Gpc-B1 gene and genes from Aegilops tauschii, and secondly, to compare the best introgression lines with varieties of standards of carriers of different genetic systems. Methods. Field studies were conducted on the experimental fields of the SGI-NCSCI, on two contrasting variants of nitrogen fertilizer application N60 and N120. The study involved 2 groups of lines with genes from T. dicoccoides and Ae. tauschii. The best representatives of these groups were compared with the standard varieties. The lines were studied for yield, protein content, protein fractional composition,sedimentation level and trace element composition. Main results. 18 lines with high protein genes from Ae. tauschii and 5 lines with the Gpc-B1 gene from T. dicoccoides were studied. The following patterns were found in terms of yield: introgression lines with the Gpc-B1 gene and genes from Ae. tauschi were 14.5-18.1% inferior to such high-intensity varieties as Kuyalnyk and Shchedrish, but introgression lines were superior or had the same yield as all other varieties, such as Kolonia, Giduvanitsa and tall semi-intensive type variety Odeska 51. It was found that in optimal conditions of the year, the presence of the Gpc-B1 gene did not reduce yields, but in case of moisture deficit, this can be observed. High-protein lines with the Gpc-B1 gene and genes from Ae. tauschii had the same arithmetic mean protein content. The highest protein content in grain among the standard varieties was in Odeska 16, and depending on the year and fertilizer dose, from one to nine introgression lines with genes from Ae. tauschii had protein content at the level of this variety. The protein content of the lines with the Gpc-B1 gene was slightly higher, except for the variant N120 in 2022, when all experimental lines showed protein content at the level of the standard variety Odeska 16. Lines carrying the Gpc-B1 gene exceeded the standard varieties by 19 - 19.4 ml on average, lines with genes from Ae. tauschi by 9.5 - 9.8 ml and the sister line without the Gpc-B1 gene by 8.4 - 12.0 ml. The presence of the Gpc-B1 gene from Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides significantly increased the content of trace elements in the studied genotypes. The average manganese content in the lines with the Gpc-B1 gene was 18% higher than in the Kuyalnik variety, and the iron content was 34% higher.