Titanium Dioxide-Enhanced Carbon Paste Electrodes for Superior Electrochemical Sensors

In this study, the synthesis and electrochemical oxidation of ferricyanide using a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with TiO2 was examined in detail. The objective was to create an effective and dependable electrochemical sensor for ferricyanide oxidation, a redox probe that is frequently employed in various analytical applications. In addition, the TiO2-modified CPE was synthesized to enhance the electrocatalytic activity and sensitivity to ferricyanide oxidation. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the modified sensor. The ferricyanide analysis showed that after TiO2 modification, the surface area of graphite increased significantly. The impact of scan rates on the electrochemical oxidation process examined at various scan rates showed a strong correlation between the two processes (Correlation coefficient, R2 = 0.94). In comparison to the unmodified electrode, the experimental results showed that the TiO2-modified CPE showed better electrochemical performance, and higher peak current density but lower oxidation potential. The study provides new insights into the design and optimization of electrode materials for electrochemical sensing applications, suggesting their potential use in various future applications.