Mathematical Analysis of MHD Stagnation-Point Flow of Nanofluids with Variable Properties and Thermal Radiation

Research into magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stagnation-point flow of nanofluids with varying properties and thermal radiation enables improvements to heat transfer applications used across engineering operations. This research investigates the combined influence of the magnetic field, nanoparticle volume fraction, thermal radiation, and viscous dissipation on fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics. A mathematical model controls the transformations which produce a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations from the original set of governing equations. A numerical solution of the transformed equations uses efficient algorithms to find their solutions. Higher magnetic field strength along with optimized nanoparticle concentrations leads to reduced surface velocities although it enlarges the momentum boundary layer thickness which enhances heat transfer measurements. A large number of nanoparticles produces a viscous blend which leads to decreased total heat transfer capability. High-temperature designs require effective heat dissipation to be a fundamental component because thermal radiation enhances heat loss capabilities. High-speed fluids show reduced thermal performance quality when their viscous dissipation properties activate self-heating mechanisms. The study establishes vital findings which assist in the development of optimized heat transfer approaches with nanofluids for aerospace operations and biomedical and cooling engineering systems. Additional research on this topic must include experimental testing as well as studies of various nanoparticle shapes and hybrid nanofluids coupled with slip effect investigations to enhance predictive accuracy and practicality.