Analysis of Soft Computing based PID Controller Strategies for Cardiac Pacemaker

Introduction: Soft Computing approaches are becoming increasingly significant in today's environment for treating various heart diseases and presenting potential solutions. A cardiac pacemaker (CP), known as an artificial pacemaker, can treat a heart condition. Medical devices that can be implanted to regulate abnormal heart rhythms are known as artificial pacemakers. Objectives: CP needs a high level of precision and performance. It is problematic to keep CP under control. This paper goals to compare and contrast several current and cutting-edge actors-critics, policy grade soft computing (SC) techniques for unremitting control of the artificial CPs, both on and off-policy. Methods: The proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller can adapt to the problem domain using SC approaches named SC-PID. Finding the correct balance between the exploration and exploitation stages is also critical. SC-PID becomes more influential, trustworthy, and efficient for pacemaker control. Results: Compared to the traditional PID controller techniques, SC-PID delivers a new appropriate controller approach for calculating heart rate (HR) to create a tighter match between real HR and a target profile. The above abilities make SC approaches more suitable for health care. With the introduction of low-cost, high concert digital CPUs and lower-cost memory chips, SC techniques, and their application areas will undoubtedly continue to expand. This study showed that the SC-PID controller is effective for heartbeat recovery. Conclusions: Results in this paper show that the SC-PID controller will be more helpful not only for the treatment of heart disease but also for improving the performance of implantable pacemakers in contrast to conventional PID controllers. This study underscores the potential of soft computing as a supportive tool in health care, aligning with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3’s vision of good health and well-being for all.