Comparative analysis of bioactive compounds identified in the fruits of three chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) cultivars in different cultivation systems

Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliot, commonly known as chokeberry, has become visible due to its rich polyphenol content and its exceptional antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study aimed to investigate how different cultivation systems can influence the bioactive compounds in three chokeberry cultivars, ‘Nero’, ‘Viking’ and ‘Melrom’, grown in the Northern Transylvania, Romania. The results showed that each variety exhibits distinct characteristics: ‘Nero’ excelled in ascorbic acids and amount of flavonols, particularly quercetin derivatives; ‘Melrom’ had the highest overall sorbitol content and flavonols level, and also a significantly content of hydroxybenzoic acid, while the ‘Viking’ cultivar presented an unusual profile with high levels of cyanidin and quercetin but a significant deficiency in quercetin-rutinoside. Compared with conventional and control, the ecological treatments significantly enhanced total phenolic content in ‘Viking’ and ‘Melrom’ cultivars. The variations in chokeberry composition can also be attributed to genetic factors, fertilizers, pedoclimatic conditions and harvest time. Understanding these factors is essential for optimizing cultivation practices and enhancing the nutritional value of chokeberry fruits.