Contextualizing Distributive Leadership Measurement through Expert-Centric Validation in China's Private University Ecosystem

This study evaluates the validity of measuring Principal's Distributive Leadership in private universities in Henan, China, using the Content Validity Index (CVI). Valid measurement tools, like questionnaires, are crucial in research for accurate assessments. To ensure content validity, we employed a panel of five experts in educational management, leveraging their insights to refine the instrument. The study focused on three key dimensions of Distributive Leadership: Support, Supervision, and Cohesive Leadership Team. These constructs were evaluated using a 4-point relevance rating scale, known for its efficacy. Two types of CVI were utilized: the Scale-level Content Validity Index (S-CVI) and the Item-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI). Items scoring below 1.00 on the I-CVI or below 0.9 on the S-CVI were excluded from further analysis. The findings confirmed that the constructs reliably measure the targeted aspects of leadership, affirming strong content validity. Consequently, this instrument proves suitable for research into Principal's Distributive Leadership in private university settings. For future studies, additional validation steps such as construct validity and reliability tests are suggested to further substantiate the tool's effectiveness in exploring Principal's Distributive Leadership.