THE IMPORTANCE OF ANALYSING LOWER LIMB MOVEMENT PATTERNS IN RACEWALKING

The walking test, as stipulated by the regulations, dictates that there should be no visible loss of contact with the ground, and the advancing foot must be extended from the moment of initial contact with the ground until the vertical position. This paper proposes a comprehensive review of the lower limb profile of racewalking athletes, outlined through an analysis of specialized literature, by conducting a narrative review analysis. The analysis of specialized literature included a total of 35 articles, based on keywords related to lower limb biomechanics in racewalking, movement patterns in racewalking, and muscular behaviour of the lower limb in racewalking. From the analysis conducted, we found that the hip flexors and extensors were the main generators of energy along with the plantar flexors, while the energy absorbed by the knee extensors counteracts the negative role of the knee flexors, thus reducing the risk of injuries by stabilizing the knee in extension. From a kinematic perspective, several studies have analysed the maximum medial/lateral rotation of the forefoot during the walking test, and the conclusion was that there are significantly increased values, which are an important aspect in monitoring the fatigue that can occur at this level. From a training perspective, achieving performance is supported by many authors based on the monitoring of certain measurable indices through systems that use accelerometers. These indices refer to measuring ground contact time, step length, and cadence. The biomechanics of the lower limb play a crucial role in racewalking performance, and understanding these principles can contribute to optimizing training and performance in this specific athletic event.