Enhancing Sensor Network Lifetime through Optimal Path Selection and Cluster Head Optimization using Energy-Aware Routing

Effective routing strategies are crucial for prolonging the lifespan of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) while maintaining effective data transmission. In densely deployed WSNs, interference and channel congestion can degrade communication quality and increase energy consumption. A fundamental challenge in WSNs is to ensure a prolonged network lifetime while maintaining efficient data transmission. This research presents a novel approach to address this challenge through a framework designed to optimize routing paths, ultimately maximizing the operational lifetime of sensor networks. Motion and Energy Distribution Modelling involves comprehending the motion of the sink nodes and the evolution of their energy levels. The performance metrics related to motion and energy density is calculated using the bee algorithm. A key aspect of the framework is the formation of clusters facilitated by fuzzy logic-based techniques. Additionally, an Energy-aware routing algorithm is employed to select Cluster Heads (CHs) depend on a holistic assessment of various parameters, including trust, resource availability, spatial positioning, neighbouring nodes, and energy profiles. The proposed BA-EAlOR obtained values of 50 nodes is 7, 0.43, 0.22, 0.806 and 100 nodes is 25, 0.0308, 0.34,0.566, which shows significant improvements in network efficiency and longevity.