Effects of detergent component sodium dodecyl sulfate on growth hormone secretion in GH3 cells: Implications for pediatric exposure and accidental ingestion

IntroductionSodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), a widely used surfactant in detergents, has raised concerns due to its potential health risks, particularly in children. This study evaluates the impact of SDS exposure on GH secretion in GH3 cells, focusing on oxidative stress as a key mechanism.MethodsGH3 cells were treated with varying concentrations of SDS (0.001-10 mM) for 24 or 48 h. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay, while GH secretion was quantified via ELISA. Oxidative stress levels were evaluated through ROS fluorescence assays, and gene expression of Nrf2, IL-6, TNF-α, and caspase-3 was analyzed using qPCR. Additionally, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was used to determine its protective effects against SDS-induced oxidative stress.ResultsSDS exposure led to a dose-dependent decrease in GH secretion and cell viability, with oxidative stress identified as a primary driver. Nrf2 exhibited a biphasic response, showing transient upregulation at low doses but suppression at higher concentrations, exacerbating oxidative damage. NAC treatment reduced ROS levels and partially restored GH secretion, confirming the role of oxidative stress in SDS-induced toxicity.DiscussionThese findings suggest that SDS exposure may disrupt endocrine function, warranting further risk assessment of its safety in consumer products. Given SDS's prevalence in household products, future research should focus on the long-term effects of SDS exposure to children and potential therapeutic interventions to mitigate oxidative damage.