Versatility in the design of orphanages: analysis of the history of European models

The article examines the problem of designing orphanages in the context of modern challenges such as military conflicts, economic crises and natural disasters in many countries of the world. Special attention is paid to the analysis of European models demonstrating the uniqueness of pedagogical approaches to the upbringing of orphans and the influence of such approaches on the formation of an adult's personality. The importance of integrating residential, educational and recreational areas to create an environment conducive to early social adaptation of children is emphasized. A new interpretation of multifunctionality and rational planning in the architecture of buildings, division of spaces by age and gender, as well as the division into day and night zones depending on the amount of incoming sunlight, allows us to solve the problem of the physical health of a small person left without parental care. However, considering that children are a key resource and the basis a country’s progress, orphanages face an important educational challenge of preserving cultural identity in a young person's self-awareness. In modern conditions, ensuring the social protection of children is becoming a fundamental task for the development of a civilized society and a sustainable state.