Reducing Liability in Urban Work Zones by Quantifying Risks and Enhancing Layout Design and Regulations

Few researchers have investigated work zone layout design, noting that it does not adequately mitigate the risks associated with lane-changing behaviors. This gap may create unsafe conditions and increase the likelihood of accidents involving both motorists and construction workers. These incidents could expose contractors and regulatory bodies to significant legal liabilities. This study aims to (1) quantify the risks of lane-changing in work zones, (2) identify staging layout factors that contribute to unsafe driving behaviors, and (3) recommend regulatory improvements that enhance safety and reduce liability. Using a driving simulator with 26 participants, the study analyzed lane-changing behaviors across different work zone layouts and the integration with ambient light conditions in an urban scenario, focusing on decision-making and merging behaviors from both longitudinal and lateral perspectives. These findings support work zone design improvements, reduce accidents, and enhance Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) compliance. The ability to present data on how work zone layouts influence driver behavior will provide a stronger foundation for defending or pursuing claims of negligence.