Multi-objective optimisation of electrolysis across diverse supply configurations in hydrogen–electricity coupled energy networks – A UK perspective

The adaptability of hydrogen across sectors such as transportation, heavy industry, and its support for intermittent renewable generation through flexible storage has sparked growing interest in electrolysis-based hydrogen production. While large-scale electrolyser integration enhances network stability by aiding constraint management and reducing renewable curtailment through storage, it also places considerable demand on electricity networks. This makes understanding the role of electrolyser deployment on distribution networks (DNs) increasingly crucial. While existing studies on hydrogen-integrated DNs often target specific operational costs or isolated constraints, they typically lack a comprehensive view that considers broader economic, operational, and environmental impacts. This study offers an extensive analysis across these dimensions, exploring diverse hydrogen supply configurations, including hydrogen pipeline and storage unit availability, within a real UK DN to provide a practical perspective. This study introduces a conflicting multi-objective function that improves load factor (LF) by 85.516% and reduces power loss by 22.947%, all while managing operational costs effectively. Findings underline that deploying electrolysers with efficient management algorithms can significantly enhance the operations of DNs. Additionally, this paper contributes to the field by detailing recent UK-based electrolysis projects, providing insights into the future of hydrogen–electricity coupled multi-energy networks. • Proposes a multi-objective approach for hydrogen-coupled distribution networks (DNs). • Examines hydrogen-integrated DNs across various supply configurations. • Introduces a Just-in-Time strategy for hydrogen via electrolysis in urban areas. • Utilises real UK DN data to reveal hydrogen integration challenges and behaviours. • Reviews hydrogen-electricity coupled projects in the UK, projecting future networks.