Modeling of carbon monoxide emission dispersion of vehicles in Malang city using AERMOD

Air pollution is one of the common problems faced in urban areas. The United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) states that as many as 6.5 million people die every year due to exposure to poor air quality. In addition, 70 % of deaths due to air pollution occur in Asia Pacific, including Indonesia. The transportation sector is the main source of pollution in urban areas and vehicle emissions contribute 70 %. One of the cities that is busy with motorized vehicle activity is in Malang City. Based on data from the Malang City Central Bureau of Statistics in 2023, the level of vehicle ownership increases by around 13 % every year, dominated by heavy vehicles. This study using data traffic volume, speed and wind direction, humidity, air temperature, air pressure, sun radiation, cloud cover as well as aspect surface. Analysis dispersion air use AERMOD that can predict the distribution pattern of air emissions that are dispersed into the air in existing condition and after traffic management. Based on the modeling results, calculations the Carbon Monoxide (CO) in existing condition the highest value of 254,601 (gr/sec). Meanwhile, with using AERMOD is obtained in existing condition value of 76.791 µg/m3. That mean in the existing condition has passed the threshold, while the threshold for Carbon Monoxide (CO) in Indonesia is 66.500 µg/m3. One of the traffic management efforts undertaken is to limit the operational time of heavy vehicles passing through the research area and divert traffic flow to other roads. Based on the results of traffic management, the calculation of vehicle emissions after traffic management is reduced to 52.017 µg/m3.