Evaluation of the Osteogenic Potential of a Three-Dimensional Bioimplant for the Treatment of Bone Defects: Innovations in bone regeneration

Introduction: Massive bone defects (MBD) represent a significant clinical challenge due to the difficulty in achieving effective bone consolidation. This study evaluates the osteogenic potential of a three-dimensional bioimplant composed of demineralized bone matrix (DBM), collagen, hydroxyapatite (HAp), and bone marrow nucleated cells in animal models. Methods: An experimental study was performed in 45 lambs (Ovis aries) with bone defects in the proximal tibia. Three groups were compared: (1) three-dimensional bioimplant, (2) bioimplant with autologous bone marrow nucleated cells, and (3) bone allograft. Bone regeneration was assessed by radiological, histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical analysis. Results: The group treated with the bioimplant, and nucleated cells showed greater osteoid formation and osteoblastic activity compared to the other groups. PAS stain positivity and the presence of osteoblasts (PTHR1+) were significantly higher in this group (p<0.001). Conclusion: The combination of a three-dimensional bioimplant with nucleated bone marrow cells significantly improves bone regeneration compared to the use of a cell-free bioimplant or an allograft, suggesting a promising alternative for the repair of massive bone defects.