A DDS-Based SFCW Ground Penetrating Radar System for Subsurface Object Detection

This paper presents the design and implementation of a high-resolution Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) system utilizing Stepped-Frequency Continuous Wave (SFCW) signals for advanced subsurface detection. Operating within the 0.5 GHz to 2 GHz frequency range, the system employs a 20 MHz step frequency to balance penetration depth and spatial resolution, enabling precise identification of subsurface targets. The core detection methodology is based on the A-scan technique, which captures time-domain reflections to deliver real-time localization of buried objects. The system integrates sophisticated digital signal processing (DSP) techniques, including IQ demodulation, pulse integration, and Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT), enhancing the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and improving detection accuracy, even in environments with significant subsurface clutter. These techniques provide high sensitivity for resolving weak reflections and enhance range resolution for detailed target identification. Validated in complex environments with varying soil properties, the system demonstrates superior ability to differentiate between hazardous targets, such as landmines, and non-hazardous objects like pipes and voids. Its advanced clutter rejection and signal fidelity make it well-suited for humanitarian demining and other critical subsurface scanning tasks. The system’s high-performance imaging and robust signal processing framework position it above conventional GPR systems, particularly in heterogeneous and cluttered environments.