PSYCHOTHERAPY TACTICS FOR MENTAL DISORDERS AFTER SUFFERING FROM THE COVID-19 CORONAVIRUS DISEASE

The COVID-19 pandemic causes numerous physical and mental consequences that significantlyworsen the health and social functioning of the population. It has been established that a widerange of mental disorders (anxiety and depressive disorders, post-traumatic stress disorders,eating disorders) and psychological disorders (stress reactions, sadness, feelings of isolation)are developing under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic causesnumerous physical and mental consequences that significantly worsen the health and socialfunctioning of the population.The purpose of the study: development of complex psychotherapy for mental disorders dueto the transferred coronavirus disease COVID-19. The study included 63 cases with mental disorders after a cardiac infection of COVID-19.The diagnosis was made according to the ICD-10 criteria: mood disorders (affective disorders)(F32.0 — F32.2) — 34 patients, neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders (F40 — F45) —32 patients, other mental disorders caused by the injury or brain dysfunction or as a resultof somatic disease (F06.3 — F06.6) — 31 patients.The data obtained as a result of the study indicate that as a result of the coronavirus diseaseCOVID-19, various mental disorders occur within the limits of neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders, affective disorders and mental disorders of organic origin. Mental disorders dueto the coronavirus disease COVID-19 are characterized by a complex of changes in the mentalstate and psychological instructions, which significantly worsens the condition of patients. Suchchanges include not only clinical and psychopathological symptoms, but also pathologicalchanges in coping strategies, the level of adaptability, frustration tolerance and quality of life.Also, a complex of psychotraumatic factors, which complicates the course of mental disorders,makes a significant contribution to the course of the disorder. All this requires a complex specificapproach to the therapy of mental disorders due to the coronavirus disease COVID-19, whichshould include both pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. Pharmacotherapy is prescribed takinginto account the dominant clinical symptoms. Thus, with the severity of depressive symptoms,antidepressants from the group of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or selective serotoninand norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are prescribed; with the severity of an alarming symptom complex — anxiolytics. In addition, it is advisable to use general strengthening drugs and,if necessary, vascular drugs. The data obtained as a result of the study indicate that as a resultof the coronavirus disease COVID-19, various mental disorders occur within the limits of neurotic,stress-related and somatoform disorders, affective disorders and mental disorders of organicorigin. Mental disorders due to the coronavirus disease COVID-19 are characterized by a complex of changes in the mental state and psychological instructions, which significantly worsensthe condition of patients. Such changes include not only clinical and psychopathological symptoms, but also pathological changes in coping strategies, the level of adaptability, frustrationtolerance and quality of life. Also, a complex of psychotraumatic factors, which complicatesthe course of mental disorders, makes a significant contribution to the course of the disorder.All this requires a complex specific approach to the therapy of mental disorders due to thecoronavirus disease COVID-19, which should include both pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy.Pharmacotherapy is prescribed taking into account the dominant clinical symptoms. Thus, withthe severity of depressive symptoms, antidepressants from the group of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are prescribed; withthe severity of an alarming symptom complex — anxiolytics. In addition, it is advisable to usegeneral strengthening drugs and, if necessary, vascular drugs.Psychotherapy should be staged and sequential in nature: 1st stage — informative anddiagnostic, 2nd stage — therapeutic and stabilizing, 3rd stage — rehabilitative, 4th stage — preventive. Each stage includes various techniques of CBT, NET, art therapy, family psychotherapy.The implementation of this approach proves its effectiveness. According to the developedsystem, 63 patients with mental disorders after the coronavirus disease COVID-19 were treated(F40 — F45 — 22 patients, F32.0 — F32.2 — 21 patients, F06.3 — F06.6 — 20 patients). Afterthe therapy, 76.19 % showed significant improvement, 14.28 % showed improvement, and 9.53 %showed slight improvement.