ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ МІНЕРАЛЬНОГО СКЛАДУ СИРОВИНИ ВИДІВ РОДУ ANEMONE L

The aim of the study is to determine the level of element accumulation in the raw materials of Anemone nemorosa L. and Anemone ranunculoides L., thereby facilitating an assessment of their potential for further use in medicine. The qualitative and quantitative composition of raw materials and soil samples from different growth locations in the Ivano-Frankivsk and Ternopil regions (Ukraine) was determined using atomic emission spectrography. The study revealed the presence of 19 elements (5 macro-, 10 micro-, and 4 ultramicroelements) in the raw materials of A. nemorosa and A. ranunculoides. The objects contained high levels of essential elements: potassium (1345–3780 mg/100 g), calcium (225–1000 mg/100 g), silicon (89–920 mg/100 g), magnesium (170–384 mg/100 g), and phosphorus (88–410 mg/100 g). The content of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn, As, Hg) in the studied objects was within the permissible limits according to the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine, Vol. 2.0–2.4.27. There was determined the biological accumulation coefficient (BAC) of elements in the raw materials. According to the obtained results, the biological accumulation coefficient for most elements is less than 1, indicating a low level of absorption of these elements by the plant. Only elements such as K, Mn, and P have a BAC value greater than 1 in almost all samples, indicating their intensive accumulation in plant tissues. The BAC of potassium in the herb of A. nemorosa ranges from 1.369 to 3.436, in the rhizomes – from 1.400 to 2.800, and in the herb of A. ranunculoides – 0.961. A BAC value of phosphorus greater than 1, was recorded in the herb of A. nemorosa from the outskirts of the Mochary tract (1.640), the outskirts of Slyvky village (2.714–4.214), the outskirts of Mykytyntsi village (2.000), the outskirts of Klubivtsi village (1.075), and the outskirts of Ozeriany village (1.133). A BAC value of Mn >1 may serve as a basis for considering this plant a manganophile. For the herb samples of Anemone nemorosa L. from the outskirts of the Mochary tract, Pavlivka village, Klubivtsi village, and Ozeriany village, the BAC of Sr was determined as 1.000, 1.060–1.720, 2.143, and 1.120, respectively, which may be an important factor in assessing the environmental risks. The qualitative and quantitative composition of elements did not differ significantly between samples. The aerial parts of A. nemorosa contained the highest number of elements, while the rhizomes of A. nemorosa had the lowest. The accumulation patterns of macro- and microelements in the aerial parts and rhizomes of A. nemorosa were as follows: K > Ca > Mg > P > Na and Si > Al > Fe > Mn > Sr > Zn > Cu > Ni > Mo > Pb > Co > Cd > As > Hg, respectively. For the aerial parts of A. ranunculoides, the macro- and microelement profile was: K > Ca > Mg > P > Na and Si > Al > Fe > Zn > Mn > Sr > Cu > Ni > Mo > Pb > Co > Cd > As > Hg, respectively. The biological accumulation coefficient was determined for the studied samples. According to the obtained results, for most elements, the biological accumulation coefficient was less than 1, indicating a low level of absorption by the plant. For K, Mn, and P, this coefficient exceeded 1, suggesting active accumulation of these elements in the plant material. Thus, the studied objects are capable of effectively accumulating certain elements, which is an important aspect for further research of the therapeutic properties of Anemone species.