Kinetic facades as a solution for educational buildings: A multi-objective optimization simulation-based study

This study investigates the effects of kinetic shading systems and their configurations in enhancing the facade performance of educational buildings through multi-objective optimization. A simulation-based approach was adopted, utilizing parametric design tools and advanced computational algorithms to optimize key performance indicators (KPIs) simultaneously, including Energy Use Intensity (EUI), Spatial Glare Autonomy (sGA), Predicted Mean Vote (PMV), and View to Outdoors (VTO). Over 3000 façade configurations were simulated using EnergyPlus and Radiance software to evaluate the effectiveness of the systems in improving thermal comfort, visual comfort, and outdoor view quality while minimizing energy consumption. Results indicate that intermediate angles (20°-30°) and façade spacing (30–40 cm) yield optimal performance, with façade distance identified as the second most influential parameter after angle. Lower angles (0–30°) maximized comfort hours (1800–2000) while minimizing energy use, while angles above 50° significantly reduced performance. The study also revealed asymmetric sensitivity between dimensional parameters, with Y-dimension modifications notably impacting energy performance, while X-dimension variations allowed greater design flexibility. Facade geometry and control algorithms exhibited the highest impact on performance outcomes, demonstrating the potential of kinetic facades to dynamically regulate solar radiation and light penetration. Additionally, the proposed shading system preserved outdoor views without compromising energy efficiency. Despite challenges such as initial costs and maintenance complexities, the findings provide a valuable framework for architects and engineers to design sustainable, occupant-centered educational environments. Kinetic façades represent a transformative approach in building design, offering the potential to enhance thermal comfort, visual comfort, and energy efficiency, particularly in educational buildings. This study explores their application in Barcelona's Mediterranean climate, addressing the scientific need to balance occupant well-being and energy sustainability.