Critical Analysis of the Main Philosophical Concepts of Artificial Intelligence

The article presents a critical analysis of three main philosophical concepts of artificial intelligence: symbolism, connectionism, and the ecological approach. It examines their theoretical foundations, methodological approaches, and limitations. Particular attention is given to the comparative analysis of these concepts in terms of their contribution to understanding the nature of intelligence and consciousness. Symbolism holds that intelligence is based on symbolic operations governed by logical rules; connectionism views intelligence as an information-processing system formed by neural networks in the brain; the ecological approach asserts that intelligence manifests through behavioral responses to the perception of the external environment. The study also addresses the prospects for the development of artificial intelligence and its impact on the understanding of human nature in the context of the anthropological crisis and transhumanist models. In conclusion, possible directions for synthesizing the examined concepts are formulated to develop a more comprehensive philosophical understanding of artificial intelligence.