Insulin resistance as a challenge to general practitioners

Insulin resistance, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes, extends beyond diabetic populations, posing a significant health concern. This condition, characterized by diminished cellular responsiveness to insulin, contributes to elevated blood glucose levels. It is a key feature of type 2 diabetes but can also occur in individuals without diabetes. Insulin resistance may not present with noticeable symptoms initially. However, certain signs may include fatigue, increased thirst, frequent urination, and weight gain. Several risk factors contribute to insulin resistance, including obesity, sedentary lifestyle, family diabetes, cardiovascular risk, or metabolic conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome. Identifying insulin resistance in the family physician’s office is crucial for early detection and intervention. Family physicians can perform screening tests like fasting glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, or hemoglobin A1c. Follow-up visits should focus on evaluating the patient’s response to lifestyle modifications and adjusting medication if needed to help lower blood glucose levels and improve insulin action. This article aims to systematize knowledge and recommendations regarding the latest criteria for diagnosing and treating insulin resistance. It will also explore the relationship between insulin resistance and polycystic ovary syndrome, hirsutism, cardiovascular risk, BMI, anthropometric measurements, waist circumference, and cancers. Additionally, it will present insulin resistance in the context of a family history interview in the first-contact physician’s practice while addressing cancer prevention.