Differentiated thyroid cancer: Modern diagnosis and treatment

Differentiated thyroid cancer is one of the most common and diverse clinical forms of endocrine system cancer. This article discusses the role of modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer, taking into account recent clinical studies. Molecular genetic testing is becoming a key tool in determining tumor characteristics, as well as in individualizing treatment and predicting outcomes. Ultrasound and biopsy, confirmed by molecular markers, help in accurate diagnosis and assessment of tumor aggressiveness. Treatment tactics for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, which include papillary and follicular histological types of carcinoma, are based on a combination of surgery, radioiodine therapy (I131) and hormonal (levothyroxine) treatment. According to modern diagnostic methods, an individualized approach that takes into account the molecular characteristics of the tumor can improve treatment results and reduce the risk of relapse. The emergence of targeted drugs aimed at specific molecular targets offers new opportunities for the effective treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer. This article highlights the importance of molecular genetic diagnostics in determining optimal treatment strategies and increasing the effectiveness of therapy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Key words: thyroid cancer, differentiated thyroid cancer, diagnostics, treatment.