Socioeconomic status and economic hardship attenuated the associations between early tobacco or nicotine use and brain outcomes in preadolescent children
Adjusting for SES eliminated the negative impact of early tobacco/nicotine use on cognition and reduced its effect on brain surface area, underscoring the importance of SES in morphometry studies.
Authors
- Pedro J. Rodriguez Rivera (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5999-9152)
- Amal Isaiah (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3064-6964)
- William Chan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9684-888X)
- Christine Cloak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5247-4633)
- Meghann C. Ryan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3822-423X)
- Linda Chang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1267-0699)
- Miriam S. Menken
- Thomas Ernst (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1211-7655)
Institutions
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Johns Hopkins Medicine (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- NeuroImmune Pharmacology and Therapeutics
- Published
- 2025-04-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1515/nipt-2024-0022
- Primary Topic
- Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health
- National Institute on Drug Abuse