PSYCHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF FORENSIC EXPERT ACTIVITIES

Abstract. The development of modern society is accompanied by qualitative changes in all spheres of life, including the legal environment. The formation of professional morality, and ethical principles in a forensic expert is a requirement of the time, without them his conscientious activity aimed at protecting the constitutional rights and freedoms of every citizen is impossible. The article presents a thorough theoretical analysis of forensic expert activity. A classification of approaches to determining the content of the forensic expert activity is carried out, based on which the following working concept of forensic expertise is presented: this is a study by an expert based on special knowledge of material objects, phenomena, and processes that contain information about the circumstances of the case. It has been established that the effectiveness of the activities of a forensic expert depends on many factors, namely the presence of his special knowledge and skills. The main role of expert activity is determined by identifying evidentiary facts as a result of applying the expert's special knowledge to the object of study. This is a key element that distinguishes forensic expert activity. Having determined which areas are the most important in the professional activity of a forensic expert, it is possible to improve the state of training of specialists in forensic activity and ensure the effectiveness of conclusions in the work of experts. Therefore, we have developed a model of the psychological structure of forensic activity, which includes cognitive, constructive, organizational, and communicative activities. The formation of the components presented in the model is the key to the professionalism of forensic experts and the independence of their conclusions.