Phytosomes: A promising approach for enhancing herbal medicinal efficacy

Phytosomes are innovative vesicular drug delivery systems that improve the bioavailability and absorption of phytoconstituents. These complexes are formed by reacting phospholipids with standardized plant extracts, resulting in a lipid-compatible molecular complex. Phytosomes have been shown to enhance the oral absorption of polar phytoactive compounds, leading to improved bioavailability and therapeutic effects. They also demonstrate promise in improving phytoconstituents' percutaneous absorption, making them suitable for topical treatments of skin disorders. Phytosomes have a unique structural feature, with phospholipids surrounding and binding the bioactive phytoconstituents of herb extracts. Various methods of preparation, including solvent evaporation, mechanical dispersion, and salting out techniques, have been employed to produce phytosomes. Characterization and evaluation of phytosomes involve determination of percentage yield, particle size and size distribution, degree of swelling, visualization, and drug excipient compatibility.