Hydrophilic and superoleophobic GO-TiO2 PVDF/PEI membrane with antifouling properties for efficient oil-water separation

The separation of oil in complex microemulsions has challenges with significant implications, particularly in industries such as food processing, textiles, paint, pharmaceuticals and refineries. Conventional methods often fail to achieve stable and efficient separation, necessitating the use of advanced membrane technologies. This study investigates the integration of graphene oxide (GO) and titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles into a poly(vinylidene fluoride)/poly(ethyleneimine) (PV/PEI) membrane to enhance the separation of micro-emulsified oil from water. The addition of GO/TiO 2 (4 %) imparts greater smoothness to the membrane surface, which is otherwise lacking in the pristine PV/PEI membrane; it also enhances hydrophilicity, thereby improving its antifouling properties. Incorporation of GO/TiO 2 enhances the pure water permeability of the membrane up to 2122.4 L/m 2 .h.bar. The results demonstrate the potential of GO-TiO 2 incorporated PV/PEI membrane as a super-oleophobic material with an underwater contact angle of 150° ± 3°. The mixed-matrix membranes exhibit a three-fold increase in oil-water separation compared to the pristine membranes. The hydrophilic nature and high surface energy of the composite make it effective in separating stable micro-emulsified oil from water, contributing to environmental sustainability and technological advancements in various industries. Moreover, the membrane’s cost-effectiveness and scalability make it suitable for large-scale industrial applications, enhancing its practical viability. • 3x higher oil-water separation compared to the PV/PEI membrane. • Excellent antifouling potency and > 80 % FRR. • ∼1.7x higher water permeability than pristine membranes. • Cost-effective nanocomposite synthesis for treating complex oil-water emulsions.