IMPORTANCE OF LANDSCAPE DIVERSITY IN HYDROLOGY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF EAST KAZAKHSTAN REGION)

The article examines the diversity of landscapes in terms of the importance of studying nature and ecosystems. In general, landscape diversity encompasses components of bio and ecosystems, affecting their stability and change. The use of geographic information systems (GIS) to assess landscape diversity helps to determine the quantitative and qualitative results of spatial and temporal changes in the natural environment. In addition, the article shows the relationship between landscape diversity and water bodies. This is because water resources play a key role in shaping landscapes, their structure and functions. The landscape diversity of the study area was assessed using a number of indices: uniqueness, relative richness, landscape mosaic, landscape complexity, landscape fragmentation and entropic dimension of landscape complexity (Shannon index). These indicators help identify areas of low geographic and hydrological potential using quantitative data obtained from them, and plan various preventive measures.