Graphene-integrated Patch Antenna with MIMO for IoT/6G THz Applications

This research presents a graphene-integrated single and 2-element MIMO antenna for IoT/6G THz applications where graphene is used as the conductive material. The single antenna operates at 3.31 $\mathrm{THz}, 7.06 \mathrm{THz}$, and 8.69 THz with reflection coefficients of $\mathbf{- 3 9. 5 2} \mathrm{dB},-\mathbf{2 4. 2 0 \mathrm { dB } \text {, and } \mathbf { - 3 7. 2 6 ~ d B } \text {, and the observed }}$ gain of those frequencies are $9.922 \mathrm{dBi}, \mathbf{1 1. 0 6 ~ d B i}$ and 9.26 dBi respectively. A 2-element MIMO antenna is developed from the basis of the single-element antenna and achieved an improved gain of $8.73 \mathrm{dBi}, 16.5 \mathrm{dBi}$, and 17.9 dBi at the same resonant frequencies as the single antenna with the efficiency above 80%. The performance parameters of the 2 elements MIMO antenna which are Diversity gain, Channel Capacity Loss (CCL), Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC), and Mean Effective Gain (MEG) are measured to ensure the efficiency of the designed MIMO antenna for IoT and 6G communication systems applications in the $\mathbf{T H z}$ frequency band.